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AppSheet is where you build and run the Apps that you create, without programming :
The AppSheet App builder is also called the App editor and it works as a web page in a browser. Here you connect the App to your tables that are contained in a spreadsheet, you define the rules that apply to specific table columns, you define the views for displaying and editing data and you specify the behavior of the App actions, workflows and reports.
The AppSheet App runner is an iOS, Android or browser based application that executes your App(s) on the user’s device. It can make use of the device sensors such the GPS for location, the camera for photo input, barcode and QR code scanning, and the NFC reader to recognize tags. AppSheet works online or offline in which case it synchronizes automatically when the network is available.
The AppSheet server runs in the cloud and executes tasks based on events or on a schedule. The tasks include sending a custom Email, an SMS or a notification. This server component is not visible to users.
Google Cloud hosts the data and other key components :
Google Sheets is where you keep the database used by the mobile App. It is a native cloud-based spreadsheet which AppSheet can access very efficiently at a granular level rather than having to read or write larger chunks of data as is the case with traditional file-based spreadsheets. You can build custom reports on your data within Google Sheets, such as pivot tables, and these reports can be automatically refreshed and distributed by email on a predefined schedule.
Google BigQuery is used when you need to perform advanced queries on your data and make the results available for reporting in other Google tools, such as Sheets or DataStudio.
Google DataStudio is where you can build, execute and share rich interactive visualizations of your data such as charts, maps, plots and tables.
Google Apps Script is the chosen secure method to access the mobile App database for exporting or importing data files, to and from the related enterprise or external systems and applications. This ensures data integrity and avoids manual error-prone repetitive typing or copy-pasting.
Automation services such as Zapier or IFTTT may be used to enable your mobile App to interact with other cloud based applications (such as Salesforce, Trello, Slack, LinkedIn, etc) or with devices. For security reasons, the interaction is performed by means of data files.
A File transfer Client that accesses on premise and cloud storage, including Google Drive, is used to securely transfer data files between your environments.